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Jan 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4496.jtc-18-2473
This study aimed to investigate the trend of patients with thyroid cancer undergoing thyroidectomy and those undergoing fine needle aspiration (FNA) and its relationship with thyroid cancer, using a large-scale, real-world database established based on the employment-based health insurance claims data in Japan. In this retrospective descriptive study, annual incidence rates of patients with thyroid cancer undergoing thyroidectomy and FNA from 2005 to 2014 were calculated. Among the 3,130,757 enrollees, 926 patients were diagnosed with thyroid cancer and underwent thyroidectomies. The annual incidence of patients with thyroid cancer undergoing thyroidectomy increased from 5.4 (95% confidence interval 95% CI, 3.4–8.5) in 2005 to 11.7 (10.1–13.5) per 100,000 patient-years in 2013, with a gradual increase among patients in their 20s and 30s and with the most notable increase among those in their 40s and 50s. The annual FNA rate also increased during those years, whereas no noticeable change was observed in the thyroid cancer detection rate. The incidence rates of patients with thyroid cancer undergoing thyroidectomy and those undergoing FNA were strongly correlated, with Pearson’s correlation coefficients of 0.935 for men and 0.886 for women. In conclusion, an increasing trend in the incidence of patients with thyroid cancer undergoing thyroidectomy was observed from 2005 to 2013 among a large group of Japanese employees of working age and their dependents. These results provide useful information on the impact of patients with thyroid cancer undergoing thyroidectomy on the working population.
Apr 2018 DOI 10.14302/issn.2768-0207.jbr-17-1925
Big data research has become popular and exciting studies in almost all scientific fields such as biology, chemistry, epidemiology, medicine and drug discovery. The various systems and platforms produce large amounts of data every day. It will be very helpful for the researchers and workers to deal with big data if the practical database and useful software are introduced in time. The Journal of Big Data Research (JBR) supplies an efficient and open access publishing platform for big data research. The first issue of JBR aims to foster the dissemination of high-quality big data studies in the biological, medical and chemical database as well as the new algorithm and software for big data processing. The database and computing framework are selected to introduce the development of big data in the biological, medicine and drug discovery. The mature and functional database can be serviced in big data research of scientific fields. It promotes the scientists to extract the useful and essential dataset from the massive data. The grid computing and cloud computing supplies a new paradigm that offers an effective framework of computing and services. The research papers are welcomed from the scopes of the practical database, new algorithm and software for big data studies. All these kinds of papers not only provide the effective application methods and platforms, but also give a good promising future for big data research.
Sep 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-7785.jarh-17-1727
Background: Healthcare services provided to patients should vary depending on disease severity. However, disease severity bias, a type of selection bias, is a commonly encountered problem in administrative database studies. Herein, we selected chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which commonly affects elderly Japanese citizens, for the development and validation of a severity classification system based on a health insurance claims database. Methods: Patients who received COPD-related diagnostic codes in 2011 were selected from a commercially based health insurance claims database. COPD patients were randomly divided into two groups to develop and validate severity scores. A principal component analysis was used to estimate factor loadings used to weight calculations of COPD severity scores. Score validity was evaluated using a linear trend test to predict COPD treatment costs and acute exacerbation events. Results: Using records from 880 patients, ten variables were created: acute exacerbation events, emphysema diagnoses, laboratory test and oxygen therapy procedures, prescribed anticholinergic, inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), short acting beta-agonist, and long acting bronchodilator (LABA) agents, asthma diagnosis and patient birth years. Factor loadings from LABA and ICS prescriptions had the strongest impacts on estimated severity scores (0.50 and 0.49, respectively). Among 300 validation group patients, scores were found to associate with increasing trends of median costs and exacerbation risks (p for trend < 0.05). Conclusions: Estimatedseverity scores would help to predict COPD-related medical costs and exacerbation events. For further clinical implementation, this classification system should be re-evaluated using clinical lung functions information indicative COPD severity and treatment choices.
Jun 2026
Background A persistent gap remains between evidence-based health care and its application in routine practice. This challenge is particularly prominent in allied health professions like occupational therapy (OT), where interventions are complex, individualized and centred on patients' daily functioning. Objective To identify barriers, facilitators, and implementation strategies for integrating evidence-based OT interventions in multiple sclerosis (MS) rehabilitation. Methods A mapping review was conducted using searches in five databases. Eligible studies included adults with MS, examined OT interventions, and reported on factors influencing implementation. Data were extracted and categorized using Grol’s framework for barriers/facilitators and Mazza’s taxonomy for implementation strategies. Results Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria. Barriers and facilitators were identified at multiple levels of Grol’s framework: 1-Innovation-level: accessibility, feasibility, and perceived attractiveness supported implementation, particularly when interventions incorporated holistic approaches, gamification, or printed manuals. 2-Professional-level: therapists’ competencies and alignment between interventions and patients’ priorities. 3-Patient-related: facilitators included motivation, readiness to change, and peer support, whereas fatigue, pain, and cognitive challenges served as barriers. 4-Social and organizational: effective teamwork, resource availability, and flexible scheduling facilitated successful adoption. 5-Economic or political: no studies. Implementation strategies focused on using manuals, patient empowerment, gamification, and organizational supports. No financial or structural policy-level strategies were identified. Conclusion Successful implementation of evidence-based OT for MS requires multifaceted, context-sensitive strategies addressing innovation, professional, patient, and organizational determinants. Practical approaches enhance uptake, while substantial gaps persist at economic and policy levels. Strengthening these areas may improve longterm integration and sustainability of evidence-based OT in MS rehabilitation.
Feb 2026
Objective The landscape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has changed due to liberalized utilization of computed tomography, developments in immunotherapy and targeted treatments, and guidelines encouraging sublobar resections. We analyzed the implications of these advances for surgical procedures over a 16-year period. Methods The National Cancer Database was used to identify NSCLC incident cases from 2004 to 2020. Histology, stage, grade, and treatment were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results 2,028,553NSCLC patients were identified. Each year was associated with an increase in Stage I for NSCLC (OR1.05, 95%CI 1.05-1.05) and histological subtypes (adenocarcinoma: OR1.03, 95%CI 1.03-1.04; squamous: OR1.02, 95%CI 1.02-1.02; neuroendocrine: OR1.11, 95%CI 1.11-1.12), with no change in adenosquamous histology. A similar increase was observed for well- or moderately-differentiated histology (OR1.04, 95%CI 1.04-1.04). The proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy decreased (OR0.98, 95%CI 0.98-0.98), while more patients were treated with immunotherapy or targeted therapy, including an increase of 14% using immunotherapy or targeted therapy as first-line treatment. There was a decrease in the likelihood of receiving pneumonectomy (OR 0.91, 95%CI 0.91-0.91). Despite guidelines advocating sublobar resections, these procedures only increased by 1.1% per year. Conclusions Over the 16-year study period, there was a significant trend towards diagnosis of Stage I NSCLC. The most pronounced change in treatment patterns has been more patients receiving immunotherapy and less chemotherapy. Despite a promising decrease in pneumonectomies, the frequency of sublobar resections remains stagnant, indicating limited uptage in current practice.
Dec 2025 DOI 10.14302/issn.2473-1005.jdoi-25-5870
This narrative literature review investigates the clinical feasibility of maxillary sinus lift using the lateral window (or traumatic) technique, employing a grafting material composed of hydroxyapatite associated with beta-tricalcium phosphate. The study is based on the premise that bone resorption and sinus pneumatization—common in edentulous posterior maxillae—pose a challenge to achieving primary stability during dental implant placement. Given the limitation imposed by reduced residual bone height, bone-grafting surgical techniques become necessary to enable implant-supported rehabilitation. The objective of this work is to analyze, through a literature review, the efficacy of combining synthetic biomaterials as an alternative to autogenous bone grafts, which are considered the gold standard in implant dentistry. A bibliographic search was conducted in the PubMed and LILACS databases and through the VHL portal, prioritizing articles addressing the biological properties of alloplastic grafts, the indications of the lateral window technique, and the clinical success rates of implants placed in previously grafted areas using such materials. The findings demonstrated that hydroxyapatite associated with beta-tricalcium phosphate exhibits favorable osteoconductive characteristics, such as adequate porosity and gradual resorption, while allowing the formation of viable bone within a clinically acceptable timeframe. The combination of these materials eliminates the need for a second surgical site, reduces morbidity, and maintains treatment predictability. It is concluded that the lateral window technique associated with synthetic biomaterials is a safe and effective alternative for patients with maxillary bone atrophy, capable of promoting suitable bone beds for dental implant placement and stabilization, with lower surgical risk and satisfactory clinical outcomes.
Nov 2025
Frequency neurofeedback (FNF) is a biofeedback method that targets frequencies between 1 and 50 Hz. The efficacy of FNF with autism has been labeled ‘probably efficacious’ in literature reviews in the last decade, despite new research pointing towards a higher standard. The aim of this review was to analyze key features of these studies, with a goal of determining the efficacy standard of FNF on autism and establishing a research direction. Electronic databases and literature reviews were used to collect a total of ten randomized and/or matched controlled trials. FNF reaches a Level 4 efficacy standard, with an impact on a broad range of factors including core autistic traits, social communication, emotional regulation, cognitive flexibility, executive function, behaviors of concern, attention, metabolic or thermal activity, and EEG e.g. decreased absolute power, mu rhythm, coherence and hyperconnectivity. Current evidence generalizes to male children, up to 18 years, with a low-average or higher intellectual functioning, with autism as the only diagnosis. A meta-analysis suggests a large superior effect when compared to wait list controls. Current research does not meet the higher efficacy standards outlined by Arns et al. (2020). Small samples plague most studies, and the maintenance of improvements post-training are yet to be assessed adequately. Eight recommendations are made.
Sep 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2693-1176.ijgh-24-5233
In response to the rising burden of non-communicable disease (NDC), the World Health Organization (WHO) developed tools to enable early detection and management of NCDs in Primary Healthcare centers (PHC). Globally, the prevalence of NCDs remains alarmingly high with 41 million deaths annually. Of these, 17 million people die before the age of 70, and 86% of these premature deaths occur in low-and middle-income countries. This narrative review aimed to assess the effect of PHC services on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of older persons with NCDs, to critically analyze the potential of the existing literature in informing improvements in PHC services. We searched various databases (PubMed, Springer, Scopus, and ScienceDirect) for relevant literature. Peer-reviewed articles on the influence of PHC services on HRQoL among older persons with NCDs written and published in English between January 2013 and May 2024 were considered. The review indicates that effective PHC services are linked to good HRQoL. However, PHC services are sub-optimal and poor in low- and middle-income countries, hence more health interventions are essential to improve PHC services to enhance HRQoL of older persons.
Jun 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-24-5106
Introduction Compared to their heterosexual counterparts, cisgender LGBTQ+ youth are more likely to experience numerous mental health conditions, for instance, suicidal ideation, stress, and anxiety. This study aimed to explore mental health disparities among LGBTQ+ youth while identifying strategies to promote their well-being. Methodology Incorporating a systematic approach, studies were selected according to the predefined inclusion criteria, ensuring recentness and relevance. Five databases were systematically searched while the PRISMA flowchart was employed for illustrating the systematic selection process. The PEO framework directed the study selection. Thematic analysis was applied to identify themes that were related to the study aim. Results Five themes were emerged including policy changes and legal frameworks, contextual and cultural factors, family and social support, underlying factors of mental health, and healthcare services access. The synthesis of the literature uncovers the multifaceted relationship between cultural and contextual factors and policy changes, social and family support and healthcare services. The study also underlines the importance of implementing an intersectional minority stress model for comprehensively understanding mental health disparities among LGBTQ+ youth. Conclusion The results emphasize the importance of ongoing research in policy alterations, accessibility to healthcare, and creating supportive surroundings to tackle differences in mental health. Recognizing the complexity of these issues, this paper requires an in-depth examination that considers intersecting factors, promotes inclusivity, and involves long-term studies in providing mental health support to enhance the well-being of LGBTQ+ young individuals.
May 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2470-0436.jos-23-4493
Background Beta-Sitosterol (SIT) is an active TCM compound employed to treat diabetic retinopathy (DR). A network pharmacology approach to understanding the active ingredients and the therapeutic mechanisms underlying DR has not been pursued. Methods The potential targets for DM were identified according to the MedGene, Gendome, HGNC, OMIM, GeneCards, PheGenI, GEO, and STRING database. The herb and components were predicted and screened by network pharmacology through oral bioavailability and drug-likeness filtration using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Analysis Platform database. A network pharmacology prediction and network analysis were used to predict the active potential targets and pathways of SIT application to DR. Results We found the Top 15 DR-related genes by screening in 9 databases. 26 kinds of TCM and nearly 300 kinds of active ingredients. SIT exists in 10 kinds of DR-treat TCM. The comprehensive network pharmacology approach was successful in identifying 23 kinds of core genes for SIT treating DR. ERBB3 and IGF2-related PI3K-Akt signaling pathway or EDN3, IGF2 and SPP1-related receptor ligand activity pathway might be the main pharmacological targets, and pathways in DR. We speculated that SIT was effective for the treatment of DR. Conclusion Based on the network pharmacology, we predicted the potential targets of SIT in treating DR and helped to illustrate the mechanism of action. Our study identifies key genes and pathways associated with the prognosis and pathogenesis of DR from new insights.
Feb 2024 DOI 10.14302/issn.2998-4211.jalr-23-4813
This study systematically reviews the literature on non-pharmacological interventions for disrupted sleep-in people meeting established criteria for moderate-severe dementia, and to analyze the methodological quality of the included studies. The PubMed, PEDro, Cochrane, Virtual Health Library, APA PsycInfo databases were searched using a systematic literature review approach to identify various types of non-pharmacological treatments that improve disrupted sleep-in subjects with moderate-severe dementia. In accordance with the inclusion criteria, eight studies were systematically reviewed and analyzed according to the type of non-pharmacological treatment carried out. This systematic review showed that 50% of the studies used bright light therapy, 12.5% the use of manual therapy, and 37.5% sleep hygiene or walking or a combination of these interventions. Based on the results of the present study, although there is some evidence to support these strategies, it is not significantly supported and highlights variation in the way the interventions were delivered. Disrupted sleep is highly prevalent in people with dementia and have a negative impact on the quality of life of the sufferer and the caregiver. Non-pharmacological approaches to its treatment are increasingly popular as an alternative to drugs, whose efficacy and side effects have raised concerns among the population. Currently, there is a need to carry out more future research to establish its effectiveness and to be able to provide clear guidelines at the time of clinical practice.
Dec 2023
Introduction This study addresses the critical issue of the rights of Women with Mental Illness (WWMI) in Nigeria, emphasizing the intrinsic link between mental health and human rights. Recognizing the unique challenges faced by women, particularly those with mental health conditions, is essential for achieving global goals related to well-being and gender equality. The aim of the study was to explore the rights of women with mental illness in Nigeria, factors that may be responsible for the difficulty in ensuring that the rights of women with mental illness in Nigeria are protected, and then provide policy suggestions to combat the highlighted challenges. Method A comprehensive literature review was conducted, utilizing databases such as PUBMED, Google Scholar, and African Index Medicus. Key search terms included Women’s rights, Human rights, Mental Health, Nigeria, and UN SDGs. Results The studies selected for the review focused on highlighting the challenges faced in women mental health rights, and identified socioeconomic, traditional and cultural factors as the major challenges to the protection of WWMI. Conclusion The study revealed a complex interplay of societal, cultural, and economic factors contributing to the abuse of rights among WWMI in Nigeria. However, to begin to resolve these challenges, it proposed the need to visibly increase female representation in policy-making, enhance mental health access, and target research efforts. Addressing these issues is crucial for upholding the fundamental human rights of WWMI, ultimately leading to improved mental well-being within society.
Jun 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-23-4586
The goal is to do a text mining analysis of all scientific publications and find out what journal and what aspects are studying about the conspiracy theories of Covid-19. For this purpose, all publications available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database were consulted as they were peer-reviewed papers. Of all these papers, only the abstracts of each one were studied using artificial intelligence techniques to determine, for example, whether the subject is of importance depending on the journals where it has been published, and above all, what possible relationships could be extracted from the information published in them. In addition, the "Net Prevalence per Covid19" index was definedin those countries with a high value, greater campaigns should be sponsored to avoid the misinformation generated by Covid-19, although this comment should be verified in future publications. The main challenge was to unify the abstracts and for this purpose, a text summarizer was used under artificial intelligence schemes. The results obtained indicate the tendency of certain topics by the frequency of the words obtained where the focus on the conspiration are the Covid-19 vaccines, but further work is still needed to continue working on this methodology to unify the results.
Mar 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2690-0904.ijoe-21-3884
Background and Purpose Public health problems are caused by the emergence of environmental pollution and infectious diseases, which have caused concern around the world. The public health threat affects the relationship between people. Population growth and associated pressures increase difficulties associated with effective means of maintaining public health. The diseases transmitted from human and livestock communication, water pollution, air pollution, and environmental pollutants urge us to find new solutions to address these problems. Understanding the environmental and environmental health is a prerequisite for protecting public health. In Iran, like other countries in the world, the issue of environmental protection and its compliance with the first program of economic, social and cultural development of the Islamic Republic has begun and expanded in the future. In this regard, new perspectives are being introduced that will bring about dramatic changes at various levels of planning, processes and specialized sectors such as civil, industrial and educational sectors. The training of engineers in this regard can play a very important role in refining the attitudes of young engineers and using these bases in their specialized activities. One of the important tasks of universities is to provide a suitable platform for such training. In this regard, it is essential that the major industrial universities of the country develop various programs in this field. Materials and Methods The present study is a review of the type of validity that is performed through search of authoritative scientific databases such as PubMed and Scopus, Google scholar, PubMed using the key words of building safety and health, HSE, and prevention methods are the latest information. Results Implementing the principles of HSE in various construction, industrial and other projects requires time, because any change that is considered in the system requires a change of attitude, which in turn requires time to adapt and adapt to the new conditions. The conditions for the projects in this research are their current conditions, and the next research, after a while, can determine the percentage of project progress in terms of HSE. Conclusion In order to comply with the principle of HSE cases, there is a need for training. These trainings should be executed at different levels and levels of contracting and monitoring so that the level of awareness of the risks involved in the development of civil operations between the personnel reaches a common frontier.
Mar 2023 DOI 10.14302/issn.2768-0207.jbr-23-4478
Spatial data mining (SDM) is searching important relationships and characteristics that can clearly exist in spatial databases. This content aims to compare object clustering algorithms for spatial data mining, before identifying the most efficient algorithm. To this end, this paper compare k-means, Partionning Around Medoids (PAM) and Clustering Large Applications based on RANdomized Search (CLARANS) algorithms based on computing time. Experimental results indicate that, CLARANS is very efficient and effective.
Dec 2022 DOI 10.14302/issn.2328-0182.japst-22-4363
The process of creating new pharmaceuticals is incredibly costly and time-consuming, and it dates back millions of years to the time when only herbal remedies were used. Furthermore, the solvation energies of the ligand and receptor site are crucial to this process because partial to complete dedication must take place before binding. The full form of CADD is computer-added drug design. To enhance the design and discovery of, CADD stands for computational methodologies and resources. Smaller numbers of chemicals are chosen from extensive compound libraries for experimental testing. There is less screening. Pharmacogenomics’ main benefit is the ability to develop medication based on the genomiy organization of each individual. The immense potential of enzymes as therapeutic targets is exemplified by under R's leadership, Merck's strategy. Both the two exemplary PP'S were the (APS, a class of proteins, are making progress it will blossoms in computational thermodynamics.3D-QSAR mode was developed last year for the follow-up forecast of action of chemicals in a molecular database or newly created target's spatial organization is known.
Mar 2022 DOI 10.14302/issn.2572-3030.jcgb-22-4121
Introduction Genomic mutations in TP53 gene in association with etiological risk factors have been associated with oral carcinogenesis. Herein, we screened for genomic variants of TP53 predisposing to oral cancers in Senegalese patients. Methodology 88 patients with confirmed diagnostic were recruited after informed consent. Blood samples were collected from each patient to perform DNA extraction, PCR amplification of all coding exons of TP53 followed by Sanger Sequencing of PCR products. Nucleotide sequences were analysed with Genalys software. 94 blood donors with no cancer diagnosis were also recruited as controls for association study between the most common variants identified in patients and predisposition to oral cancers. Results Sequence analysis showed that 52.27% of patients carry at least one mutation in TP53. Eleven genomic variants were identified, 7 variants already reported in databases and 4 new variants. The most recurrent variants in this study already reported as cancer-related variants were Pro72Arg (rs1042522; Arginine frequency estimated at 31.26%) and a 16 bp insertion in intron 3 (rs59758982; allelic frequency estimated at 26.25%). Haplotype analysis between these variants showed a strong linkage disequilibrium (D’ = 0.999, r2 = 0.153 and p-value < 0.05). However, association study did not find any significant association with susceptibility to oral cancer (p-value > 0.05). Conclusion Our study highlighted that despite the absence of association between the two most common cancer-related variants in Senegalese patients diagnosed with oral cancer, their strong LD suggested that they could be transmitted together in a common haplotype which may be implicated in oral carcinogenesis.
Nov 2021 DOI 10.14302/issn.2639-3166.jar-21-4004
Economic statistics concerning the quinquennial features of Agriculture employment (A), net Migration (M), Donor aid (D) and Personal remittances (P), available for over forty years from five West African countries have here been related to the GDP (G). The overall results of a multilinear regression (R2 0.84) have confirmed that the GD ratio, which is an index of aid efficiency, is significantly and positively driven by the PD ratio (high P and low D - favorable) and the PA ratio (high P and low A - favorable), but negatively driven by the PG ratio ( a higher D efficiency is obtained for constant G and lower P). A higher migration flux corresponds to a non-significant rise in the GD ratio. The five countries are clustered, by means of a principal component analysis, into three types. Partial least square regressions fitted to the GD ratio within each cluster provide a long-term polydromic function that highlights certain particular cluster features: reactive to forcing factors, such as Donor diminutions (SEN), active, as driven by Personal remittance (MLI), and mostly entropic for GMB, GNB and MRT. The learnt from the database is that Donor variations may follow different evolutions of the GD ratio in the three clusters.
Aug 2021 DOI 10.14302/issn.2643-6655.jcap-21-3888
The number of children with SEN is continuously growing, leading to pressure on the few special schools available in the USA. Furthermore, the adoption of a special school system has been criticized on the basis that it isolates and discriminates against children with special educational needs and disabilities. Even though inclusive education can address such limitations, the application of the most appropriate pedagogical approaches for SEN learners is still a challenge. The presented study focused on critically appraising the pedagogical approaches for SEN learners in the 21st century and beyond. In order to achieve this goal, a systematic review of the literature approach was adopted. The literature search process was conducted on three databases: Education Full Text, Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts, and PsycINFO. The selection of these databases was influenced by their reputation of hosting high quality and up-to-date literature about special education. The initial literature search process generated 6129 hits, but only ten studies were finally selected for review after the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. A critical review of the evidence presented in the selected studies generated eight themes describing various pedagogical approaches for special education, within both blended and mainstream learning environment. Knowledge generated in this systematic review can be used by the special education sector of the U.S to develop pedagogical approaches for SEN students, leading to improved performance and social skill development.
Mar 2021 DOI 10.14302/issn.2692-1537.ijcv-21-3756
In contributing to the initiative to address the COVID-19 pandemic and in order to enhance the knowledge on driving forces shaping the evolution of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (isolated from Tunisian patients), a comparison in relation to other coronaviruses infecting humans (SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, HCoV/229E, HCoV/NL63, HCoV/OC43, and HCoV/HKU1) as well as animals (SARS-CoVs in tiger, bats, civet, pangolin, bovine, and MERS-CoV in dromedary/camel), was conducted. In-depth analysis was carried out involving 115 sequences of spike glycoprotein-coding gene extracted from the international databases. Phylogeny inference allowed the reconstruction of a bifurcating tree where four distinct groups were delineated and at the same time, three animal accessions (SARS-CoV-2/tiger, MERS-CoV/camel, and SARS-CoV/bovine) shifted from the animal group and integrated the human coronaviruses clades. Nonetheless, in the presence of reticulate events such as recombination, networks described better the phylogenetic relationships rather than the classic dendrogram. Thus, networks were produced and identified four clusters containing sharply demarcated subgroups (eight subdivisions). Except networked phylogenies of SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and HCoV/HKU1, all the others showed edges and boxes illustrating the occurrence of incompatibilities related to the sequences of spike glycoprotein-coding gene. Thereby and consolidating this result, three methods (RDP package, GARD, and RECCO) were used to detect breakpoints in aligned sequences. Except the clades SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2, all the remaining phylogenetic subdivisions were subject to recombination. Furthermore, the screening of selection pressure in all studied sequences by various statistics-based models of the HyPhy package, showed that, similarly, the lineages belonging to the clades SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 were not under selection. In contrast, all members of the remaining clades underwent, to different extents, adaptive selection as well as purifying selection.
Feb 2021 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-7785.jarh-21-3752
Background Falls injuries continue to contribute to numerous premature deaths as well as high disability levels, and excess morbidity rates among older adults, worldwide. But can vitamin D account for excess falls injuries among older adults? This review specifically focuses on what is known about vitamin D in the context of postural stability or balance control, both fairly consistent independent predictors of falls among older adults. Methods and Procedures Drawn largely from a review of current relevant English language peer reviewed research publications published over the last 10 years detailing the relationship between vitamin D levels and balance control among the elderly, as this relates to falls injuries, evidence for any emerging consensus on this controversial topic was sought. Used to conduct the search were various key word combinations including: falls injuries and older adults, vitamin D or vitamin D deficiency and balance or postural control. The database used predominantly to provide input into this largely descriptive assessment and narrative overview was PUBMED. Results The prevailing data show falls injuries currently constitute a widespread costly major impediment to successful aging and longevity for many older adults, despite numerous efforts to prevent this disabling set of events over the past two to three decades. However, no consistent association appears to exist between the variables of vitamin D, falls, and balance attributes in the older population-despite years of research, regardless of study approach, and a strong rationale for hypothesizing a clinically meaningful relationahip. Conclusion It is not possible to arrive at any universal recommendation concerning the value of vitamin D supplementation as regards its possible influence on balance capacity among older adults in the realm of falls prevention efforts, as has been frequently proposed. However, until more definitive research is conducted, there still appears sufficient justification for considering the screening of vulnerable aging adults for serum vitamin D levels, along with balance impairments, and intervening as required in the case of deficits in either or both of these possible falls determinants.
Dec 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2372-6601.jhor-20-3673
The prostate gland is subject to various disorders. The etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases remain not well understood. Moreover, despite technological advancements, the differential diagnosis of prostate disorders has become progressively more complex and controversial. It was suggested that the antimony (Sb) level in prostatic tissue plays an important role in prostatic carcinogenesis and its measurement may be useful as a cancer biomarker. These suggestions promoted more detailed studies of the Sb content in the prostatic tissue of healthy subjects. The present study evaluated by systematic analysis the published data for Sb content analyzed in prostatic tissue of “normal” glands. This evaluation reviewed 1998 studies, all of which were published in the years from 1921 to 2020 and were located by searching the databases PubMed, Scopus, ELSEVIER-EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and the Web of Science. The articles were analyzed and “Median of Means” and “Range of Means” were used to examine heterogeneity of the measured Sb content in prostates of apparently healthy men. The objective analysis was performed on data from the 23 studies, which included 1173 subjects. It was found that the range of means of prostatic Sb content reported in the literature for “normal” gland varies widely from 0.0066 mg/kg to 0.071 mg/kg with median of means 0.0085 mg/kg on a wet mass basis. Because of small sample size and high data heterogeneity, we recommend other primary studies be performed.
Dec 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-7785.jarh-20-3650
Background The coronavirus Covid-19 strain that emerged in December 2019, continues to produce a widespread and seemingly intractable negative impact on health and longevity in all parts of the world, especially, among older adults, and those with chronic health conditions. Aim The first aim of this review article was to examine, summarize, synthesize, and report on the research base concerning the possible use of vitamin-D supplementation for reducing both Covid-19 risk and severity, especially among older adults at high risk for Covid-19 infections. A second was to provide directives for researchers or professionals who work or are likely to work in this realm in the future. Methods All English language relevant publications detailing the possible efficacy of vitamin D as an intervention strategy for minimizing Covid-19 infection risk published in 2020 were systematically sought. Key words used were: Vitamin D, Covid-19, and Coronavirus. Databases used were PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. All relevant articles were carefully examined and those meeting the review criteria were carefully read, and described in narrative form. Results Collectively, these data reveal vitamin D is a powerful steroid like compound that is required by the body to help many life affirming physiological functions, including immune processes, but its deficiency may seriously impact the health status and well being of the older adult and others. Since vitamin D is not manufactured by the body directly, ensuring those who are deficient in vitamin D may prove a helpful overall preventive measure as well as a helpful treatment measure among older adults at high risk for severe Covid-19 disease outcomes. Conclusions Older individuals with chronic health conditions, as well as healthy older adults at risk for vitamin D deficiency are likely to benefit physically as well as mentally, from efforts to foster adequate vitamin D levels. Geriatric clinicians can expect this form of intervention to reduce infection severity in the presence of Covid-19 infection, regardless of health status, and subject to careful study, researchers can make a highly notable impact in this regard.
Oct 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2576-9383.jhhr-20-3573
The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the use of Photovoice in caring research. The review assessed the existing literature using the Arksey and O’Malley scoping review methodology. Database searches of relevant literature published worldwide between 1997–2019 yielded 25 articles in the English language that were included in this review. The authors summarized thematic findings. Three themes emerged from data analysis: 1) strengths of using Photovoice; 2) challenges of using Photovoice, and; 3) methodological complexities in Photovoice studies. The small number of studies included in the review (n=25) indicate the limited use of Photovoice in caring research, reflecting missed opportunities for action-oriented research. The scoping review recommends ways that researchers can better address the needs of carers using Photovoice, particularly as a tool for knowledge translation, advocacy, and empowerment.
Mar 2020 DOI 10.14302/issn.2575-1212.jvhc-20-3234
Aim of the Research The aim of this study is to analyze a group of dogs of different breeds affected by osteosarcoma (OSA), to document any prevalence of this primary bone neoplasia in breeds that are phylogenetically close and to help with further research human medicine, as a model of study for prevalence and epidemiology of human OSA in multiple populations. Study Design Pilot study from two canine surgery databases between 2002 and 2013. Materials and Methods Breeds were classified in groups based on their phylogenetical proximity. Differences in prevalence of OSA between breeds and groups were evaluated with a permutation test. For each breed and each group, a ranking was made by calculating 95 % confidence intervals and counting the no-overlapping between breeds and groups. The relation between the dogs’ heights and the prevalence of OSA was analyzed using a logistic regression between the disease status and dog size. Results A total of 67 dogs with OSA, in 26 different breeds were included. Ten breeds were overrepresented and, the majority of these, were classified in 2 predisposed groups phylogenetically close to each other. The prevalence of OSA was associated with the dogs’ height within predisposed breeds, but, in general, taller breeds were not the most affected. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance In this study, despite the small number of dogs, we observed that the most commonly affected breeds with OSA are phylogenetically closely related. This highlights the importance of genetics in the aetiology of canine OSA . In this preliminary study, indications are given on breeds, samples and genome locations to be further investigated. This could allow identification of pathogenic alleles in dogs, and potentially in humans. Furthermore this pilot research can represent a model of epidemiologic study of human OSA.
Jul 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-3585.jpmc-19-2947
Objectives Death is the only definitive phenomenon in life, and everyone is sure that it will happen in the future. Based on the philosophical perspective, the concept of death differs in different cultures. The purpose of this study was “explaining the difference between the concept of death from the perspective of theology and empirical science”. Methods In this qualitative evolutionary study, a targeted review was conducted to answer the question “what is the difference between the concept of death from the perspective of theology and empirical science?” Articles published between 1990 and 2018 were extracted from the PubMed, science direct, google scholar, SID, and Cochrane databases. At the same time, Islamic religious evidence (Quran and Hadiths) was investigated for understanding the concept of the death in Islam. The “Shia Seminary” research methodology was used to avoid interpretations of the Quran verses and to ensure the authenticity of the Hadiths. Findings Empirical sciences consider death as a biological phenomenon, which results from irreversible damage to cerebral hemispheres and brain stem (brain death) that causes grief process, fear, anxiety, and sadness. From the perspective of Islam, death is an existential phenomenon, the transfer of the soul from one world to another. Death is the complete reception of the soul from the body by the angels and the beginning of another life, in the "world of grief. Conclusion Given that in Islam, death does not mean destruction. It is imperative that the spiritual counselors teach the patient and the family about the life after death and the blessings of paradise. In pastoral care at the end of life, reducing patients’ anxiety and fear of death, with hope in God's mercy is necessary.
Feb 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2470-5020.jnrt-19-2618
Objective Testing a new drug, treatment, and medical device clinically is critically important before prescribing it to patient. Not determining the drug’s safety and efficacy through clinical trials might impose life threatening outcomes on its consumers. The research paper describes the critical factors associated for testing any new drugs clinically, as limited research is performed in this field of public health. Study Design A qualitative systematic literature review was performed by mining relevant original peer reviewed research papers as well as some online resources like MedlinePlus due to limited availability of studies on such critical topic. Methods The databases used were Web of Sciences core collection, PubMed, Google scholar. The keywords used to search research papers were “clinical trials”, “testing new drugs”, “history of testing drugs”, “evidence-based medicine”. Conclusion Drugs which are prescribed to critical target population like pregnant women and children should be more often clinically tested if possible as majority of them are available in the market without Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. The abusive potential of any new drug could end up taking lives of innocent individuals. More evidence-based medicine can help translate research results on a heterogeneous population efficiently.
Feb 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2643-6655.jcap-18-2570
Self-determination is a key concept to promote greater self-awareness in the subjects with disability, to build appropriate educational or professional projects and to evaluate the already active programs. Using PRISMA checklist, I selected articles from different databases (CINAHL, Medline, Psych INFO, Cochrane Library, ERIC, Scholar. The 9 evaluation measures identified are analyzed with respect to: choice of the points of view to be collected, domains, items and data collection methods. The results show that while some scales focus on autonomy, empowerment, self-realisation and self-regulation and others focus on knowledge, skills and abilities, attitudes and beliefs. Two instruments added also: opportunities and support. With respect to the choice of the points of view to be collected: in some cases the student’s opinion is collected but in other cases their point of view is integrated or replaced with that of teachers and parents. Only one tool is designed for all children and starts from the belief that self-determination is important for all people, including those with a disability. A third element of the analysis is the possibility of answering the questions posed by the various evaluation tools. A typical form is Likert scale while in other cases open questions are used. The analysis highlights two critical issues. The variety of definitions of self-determination is inevitably reflected in the choice of domains and items and therefore self-determination is only partially investigated. Secondly the opinion and people with disabilities are sometimes completed or replaced by that of third persons as parents and teachers. Starting from the analysis of existing instruments. the article closes with a reflection on the possibility of constructing a scale that considers all the aspects of self-determination offered in the literature (at the individual and environmental level) and collects the opinion of all the subjects involved in self-determination projects. This synthesis represents a first step in the construction of a possible universal scale starting from the analysis of the literature. A comparison would then be necessary with the students with intellectual disabilities, the family members and the other actors involved to understand which domains are really meaningful to them and to build indicators that correspond to the elements that are important to them. In this way we would have a tool capable of combining the point of view of literature with that of the people directly involved.
Jan 2019 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-18-2469
Background Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are categorized as omega-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that are present in fish oil, etc. DHA and EPA omega-3 PUFAs have a well-established fasting serum triglycerides (TG) lowering effect that may result in normal lipidemia in hyperlipidemic patients. In general, omega-3 PUFAs, such as DHA and EPA, can be ingested easily, and because they are highly safe, they are assumed to be suitable for controlling fasting serum TG in the serum of those who do not require drug treatment. To the best of our knowledge, however, almost all systematic reviews on the effects of omega-3 PUFAs on lowering fasting serum TG are directed at patients fulfilling the diagnostic criteria of dyslipidemia. Objectives To review and confirm the preventive effect of omega-3 PUFAs against hypertriglyceridemia or the effect on nondrug treatment in patients with a mild disease, a systematic review was conducted to determine whether there was a fasting serum TG-lowering effect in subjects without disease and those with a slightly higher triglyceride level who consumed DHA and/or EPA orally compared to those with placebo or no intake of DHA and/or EPA. Search Methods We evaluated articles from searches of PubMed (1946-February 2016), Ichushi-Web (1977-February 2016), and J Dream III (JST Plus, 1981-February 2016; JMED Plus, 1981-February 2016). The keywords were set as follows: “DHA” or “docosahexaenoic acid” or “EPA” or “eicosapentaenoic acid” and “TG” or “triglyceride” or “triglycerol” or “triacylglycerol” or “neutral lipid.”. In addition to the literature group obtained by the database search, we included participants not suffering from any disease (i.e., excluding mild hypertriglyceridemia). Eligibility Criteria Before the test selection process, the following inclusion criteria were defined. Participants were healthy men and women including those with mild hypertriglyceridemia (fasting serum TG level, 150-199 mg/dL [1.69-2.25 mmol/L)). Intervention was defined as orally ingested DHA and/or EPA. Comparison was made to placebo intake or no intake of DHA and/or EPA. Results were measured for the fasting serum TG level. The test design was RCT, and quasi-RCT. Data Abstraction Various characteristics were extracted from original reports using a standardized data extraction form, including the author of the study, research year, research design, subject characteristics (sex, age, sample size), period, dose of DHA and/or EPA (mg/day), and comparison group. Main Results We identified 37 documents for review. Among the 37 reports used to integrate literature results, 25 revealed a decrease in fasting serum TG level due to the oral ingestion of DHA and/or EPA. Sixteen studies on subjects without disease and 21 on subjects with slightly higher fasting serum TG levels were separated and stratified analysis was conducted. Ten of the 16 (normal TG participant) and 15 of the 21 studies (slightly higher TG participant) respectively, indicated that at least 133 mg/day of DHA and/or EPA intervention provided a statistically significant decrease in the fasting serum TG level between an intervention group versus a placebo group.
Dec 2018 DOI 10.14302/issn.2641-5526.jmid-18-2488
Background: Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer with very bad prognosis. Predicting the histological grade (HG) and the lymph nodes metastasis is crucial for developing more suitable treatment strategies. Methods: We present the main clinical and pathological variables to predict the histological grade and lymph nodes metastasis via novel machine learning techniques. These variables are currently being used for prognosis and treatment in medical practice. This analysis was performed using a database of 102 Caucasian women diagnosed with TNBC. The results were cross-validated using random simulations of this dataset. Results: HG was predicted with an accuracy of 93.8% using a list of 6 prognostic variables with significant implications: Ki67 expression, use of Oral contraceptives, Col11A1 expression, Col11A1 score, E-cad truncated and Tumor size. The lymph nodes metastasis was predicted with an accuracy of almost 85% using only 6 prognostic variables: Vascular invasion, Tumor size, Perineural invasion, Age at diagnosis, Ki67 expression, and Col11A1 score. This analysis also served to establish the median signatures of the groups with and without lymph node metastasis, and proved the existence of a kind of small-size tumors (around 2.15 cm) with lymph node metastasis but not showing vascular and perineural invasions and higher protein Col11A1 score. Besides, these signatures proved to be very stable. Conclusions: The additional information conveyed by the prognostic variables found in these two classification problems provides new insight about the genesis and progression of this disease and can be used in medical practice to improve decisions in patient diagnosis and further treatment.
Nov 2018 DOI 10.14302/issn.2642-3146.jec-18-2416
Wind turbines are often perceived as benign. This can be attributed to the population majority dwelling in urban locations distant from most wind turbines. Society may understate the risk to individuals living near turbines due to an overstatement of the perceived benefits of turbines, and an understatement of the risk of injury from falling turbine parts, or shed ice. Flaws in risk calculation may be attributed to a less than fully developed safety culture. Indications of this are the lack of a comprehensive industry failure database, and safety limits enabling the industry growth, but not protective of the public. A comprehensive study of wind turbine failures and risks in the Canadian province of Ontario gives data to enable validation of existing failure models. Failure probabilities are calculated, to show risk on personal property, or in public spaces. Repeated failures, and inadequate safety separation show public safety is not currently assured. A method of calculating setbacks from wind turbines to mitigate public risk is shown. Wind turbines with inadequate setbacks can adversely impact public health both directly from physical risk and indirectly by irritation from loss of safe use of property. Physical public safety setbacks are separate from larger setbacks required to prevent irritation from noise and other stressors, particularly when applied to areas of learning, rest and recuperation. The insights provided by this paper can assist the industry to enhance its image and improve its operation, as well as helping regulators set safety guidelines assuring protection of the public.
Aug 2018
Drug design, referred to the fields of pharmacology, biotechnology and medicine, is in silico, in vitro and in vivo assay processes of finding new candidate medications based on the biological targets. The in silicoexperiments of drug discovery are involved in the macromolecular structure databases, small molecule databases, molecular docking, de novo drug design and molecular dynamics simulations. The in vitro experiments of drug discovery need evaluate the direct interaction information between ligands and targets as well as the function of ligands on signaling pathway in the cell. The in vivo experiments of drug discovery give the convincing evidence for preclinical trial at the physiological level. In this review, we outline the drug design components of databases, virtual screening tools, biochemical assays, cell-based system and animal models.
May 2018 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4518.jsdr-18-2065
Objective: Examining the correlation between physical activity measures and sleep in normal adolescents and adult population. Methods: A systematic review was conducted on the effects of exercise, its intensity, its frequency and its timing and sleep outcome. Using the databases including MEDLINE, PsycINFO and SPORTDiscus, keywords used were “sleep”, “circadian rhythm”, “exercise”, and “physical activity”. Results: To improve the general quality of sleep amongst adolescents and adults, individuals should engage in physical activity at any time of day. It also appears very advantageous to engage in long-term physical activity to maintain the positive effects on sleep. Nonetheless, it seems that sedentary individuals can also benefit from occasional physical activity to improve the quality of their subsequent sleep period. Conclusion: A virtuous relationship between physical activity and sleep may exist in normal adolescents and adults. People should seek to benefit from this link to improve both the quality of their sleep and of their daily functioning. However, larger scale studies, controlling for variables might help to better delineated this relationship.
May 2018 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-7785.jarh-18-2099
Overview: Dementia is a serious brain disease that impacts negatively in several areas of patient’s functioning. Depression has a strong link with dementia and is part of the behavior and psychological symptoms (BPSD). Behavior management for depression is recommended as a first-line psychological treatment for dementia patients. However, there are no systematic reviews examining the efficacy of behavior management for depression in dementia. Objective: To examine the efficacy of behavior management (BM) for depression in dementia patients. Methods: Five electronic databases were searched (1999 to 2015) for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which were selected according to eligibility criteria. Data was pooled, quality assessment was completed, and a meta-analysis was performed. Results: This review included ten randomized controlled trials. In the four studies where behavior management was a focused intervention, no significant treatment effect was observed (standardized mean difference SMD -0.20; 95 % CI -0.96 to 0.56). In the remaining six studies in which behavior treatment was involved as a component, the analysis showed a trend favored the intervention, but it was not significant (SMD -0.12; 95 % CI -0.25 to 0.01). Conclusion: There is no evidence for behavior management alleviating depression in dementia patients. Future research examining the efficacy of specific behavior management techniques for milder forms of dementia and multimodal interventions are recommended.
May 2018
Sulfonamide group is a magic group introduced as the main core for different bio-activities in drug industry. According to its substitutes, literature divides sulfonamide derivatives to antibacterial sulfonamides and non-anti-bacterial sulfonamides. As Data was collected from different sources such as Drug Bank.com and Pubchem.com databases and then was analyzed, we found that these compounds are different in their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics; in addition to their sulfa cross allergy property. We presented these differences from these compounds changes in their chemical structure, in a way to build a solid base that can be depended on for developing new drugs from these compounds that interact with different receptors.
Apr 2018 DOI 10.14302/issn.2326-0793.jpgr-18-2004
Human proteome project was revolutionized about 40 years ago with purpose of summarizing whole proteomic data at one place. It was launched after human genome project to map and observe all proteins. The goal related proteomic study is to draft the entire human proteome in disease diagnosis by using bioinformatics tools. Pillars of human proteome project provide different databases related to proteins at transcriptional and translational level. Human proteome organization(HUPO) published biology disease HUPO whose aim is to measure protein and proteome by life and processes related to human diseases. Different human organ like plasma, liver, brain and diabetic base project are used to characterize human disease and health. Major data resources accumulated in databases like peptides Atlas, GPMDB and neXtProt for proteins. Matrices of human proteome project identify and characterize the protein products as Post translational modification (PTM), splice various isoforms from 20,300 proteins. Matrices related to different years make proteomes counterpart by magnify the research biomedical community with high output of instruments and specimen pre-analytical protocols. CALIPHO multidisciplinary group provides information about protein complexities, interactions, function and structure complexities after Uniport and Swissprot. Different bioinformatics tools are used for structural and functional annotations of protein, disease diagnosis and mutations due to protein. Extensive study of human proteome project has been proved helpful in disease treatment at translational and post- translational levels. In future, human proteome project along with bioinformatics will include protein profiling, biomarkers, Mass spectrophotometer technique and cross analysis of different proteome projects.
Jan 2018 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-3585.jpmc-17-1836
Objective: Demographic analysis of intrauterine deaths in North-Eastern Hungary with national and international comparison. Materials and Methods: The authors collected data from the National Bureau of Statistics’ 1996-2014 database to assess frequency, gestational age, maternal age and education for six counties of the region. 722 individual cases were analyzed. A regional survey was initiated to collect more detailed data on living environment in the region between 2010 and 2014 through community midwifery services records. Results: Data over 20 years showed most intrauterine deaths (Perinatal mortality, Late fetal death, Stillbirth] occurred between 24th and 36th weeks of which 35% occurred in the North-Eastern region of Hungary. The causes of intrauterine deaths were placental abruption, cord accident, placental insufficiency, malformations and intrauterine infection. Detailed analysis regarding attendance at either the Obstetricians or the community midwifery services, the patient’s medical history and the patients’ compliance were reported, compliance in 1% completely lacked. Gravidity and multiparity were associated risk factors. A significant proportion was associated with teenage pregnancy, low maternal education, smoking risks, unemployment, dependence on social support, unhygienic environment and smaller accommodations. Lack of cooperation during antenatal care was significant. Conclusion: Frequency and distribution of intrauterine deaths in North-Eastern Hungary show a similar picture as those of socio-economic indices. The unfavorable trend came to an end in 2015, however the national statistics did not show any improvement. The solution to the problem seems to be independent of the service provision, therefore, socio-economic development of affected counties is warranted, and financial incentives and/or government aid provided during pregnancy may improve future perinatal outcomes.
Dec 2017
This paper aims to examine the challenges and implications of the Village and Commune Safety Policy (VCSP) on harm-reduction programs and describe lessons learned from a harm-reduction program within the context of the VCSP in Cambodia. Data were collected from a monitoring and evaluation database and reports of a drop-in center that provides a wide range of harm-reduction services. In addition, qualitative data were collected through key informant interviews and focus group discussions with 38 participants including people who use drugs (PWUD) and people who inject drugs (PWID). Desk reviews and consultative meetings with key stakeholders were also conducted. In total, 496 PWUD were registered into the program between 2010 and 2012, of which 22.4% were PWID, and 15.0% were women. The mean age of participants was 26 years old. HIV prevalence among PWUD was 1.0% compared to 16.2% among PWID. Remarkable achievements were observed such as high uptake of services by PWUD and PWID with active referrals to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and voluntary HIV confidential counseling and testing (VCCT). However, distribution of clean needles and syringes in communities was limited. Also, the newly initiated needle and syringe program (NSP) based in pharmacies failed to reach PWUD and PWID. Appropriate coordination and collaboration with law enforcement and authorities were observed given the complexity of the VCSP. However, the implementation of the VCSP poses challenges including NSP and accessibility to harm reduction services. For future successes of harm-reduction programs, it is important to maintain close coordination and collaboration between program implementers and local authorities with mutual understanding and flexibility.
Sep 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-4526.jddd-17-1776
Objectives: The rate of morbid obesity among women of reproductive age continues to rise worldwide. Surgical treatment remains the most effective mean to face it. Anatomical, physiological and nutritional modifications lead to several challenges for pregnancy after bariatric procedures. In spite of routine supplementation after bariatric surgery, vitamin and mineral deficiency frequently appear in bariatric pregnancies. The aim of this review is to summarize the existing data on the prevalence and management of nutritional deficiencies in pregnancy after bariatric surgery. Methodology: A comprehensive search of Pubmed Database was conducted for English-language studies using a list of key words. Results: The most common post-operative deficiencies in pregnancy include iron, vitamin B12, folate, vitamin D and magnesium deficiency. Less common are selenium, vitamin A, vitamin B6 and vitamin C deficiency. Finally, copper, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin E and albumin deficiencies are considered to be relatively rare. Conclusions: Pregnancy after bariatric surgery has been proven to be safe for both the mother and the fetus. However, there is still the risk of significant nutritional deficiencies with adverse effects on pregnancy and lactation. As a result, a thorough customized nutritional assessment is mandatory for every woman in reproductive age who has undergone a bariatric operation, with strict regular follow-up during pregnancy and lactation.
Aug 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2470-5020.jnrt-17-1487
The global popularity of soccer has led to widespread tendency towards this sport. Because of the convenience of using artificial surfaces, the rapid growth of using these surfaces led to concerns about the declining performance of the players. The aim of this comprehensive review is to study the difference between the performance of players on different playing surfaces and the risk factors for use of artificial turf compared to natural grass. A literature search of valid scientific databases such as Science Direct, PubMed and Jstor by searching keywords was performed. In total, more than 6,000 articles were retrieved. After the preliminary selection process, the final analysis was performed on a total of 76 articles. Results: Mechanical properties of artificial grass have a significant effect on the average time of sprinting, the best time of sprinting and maximum speed. The numbers of sliding tackles on artificial turf were lower compared to natural grass. Artificial turfs exposed hardness, elasticity and high friction. The characteristics of artificial grass have changed over time and increased the probability of injuries. There was no significant difference between the overall risks of acute injuries in soccer players performing on artificial turf compared to natural grass. The amateur, young and female soccer players had rated lower injuries on artificial grass. But the rate of injuries in elite soccer players were higher on artificial grass and hence they are not found of playing on such playing surfaces.
Aug 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-17-1710
Background: High number of patients suffering from autism spectrum disorders utilize dietary intervention methods, especially gluten-free/casein-free diet. In contrast with its’ extensive usage no sufficient and consistent data exist to support its’ efficiency and safety. Objective: The main aim of this systematic review is to provide a general look to the efficiency and safety of gluten-free/casein-free diet treatment for autism spectrum disorders. Method: Studies used in this systematic review are gathered from 3 online databases (PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library). Inclusion criteria are established for study selection. Articles published in a peer-reviewed article between 1990 and 2016 in English about our topic of interest and conducted with patients under the age of eighteen (18) are selected and further analyzed (“Level of Evidence” and “Grade of Recommendation” criteria are utilized). Results: Even though some studies with high values of “Level of Evidence” claim that gluten-free/casein-free diet is beneficial for patients suffering from autism spectrum disorders, studies with lower risk of bias demonstrate otherwise. Since studies such as case reports and cohort studies may contain bias associated with small sample size, absence of clear assessment methods, lack of randomization and short treatment period we suggest that there is no sufficient data to support gluten-free/casein-free diet treatment. Conclusion: Due to controversial outcomes from studies that have different “Level of Evidence” we speculate that efficiency of gluten-free/casein-free diet might be related to individual genetic differences. Therefore, studies conducted with large study groups could not provide statistically significant data to support this treatment option. Further studies should be conducted, especially in the field of genetics, in order to test our hypothesis.
Jun 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2470-5020.jnrt-17-1529
Epidemiological data concerning malignant neoplasms of meninges and central nervous system parts other than brain in Poland are reported to many medical databases run by various institutions and are incongruent with each other which makes their practical interpretation highly difficult. Data on registered cases of malignant neoplasms of meninges (C70-C70.9 ICD-10) and of spinal cord, cranial nerves and parts of central nervous system other than brain (C72-C72.9 ICD-10) in the years 2006-2012, made available by public healthcare insurance provider Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia in Lower Silesia region of Poland (NFZ) and data on new cases from Polish national neoplasms registry Krajowy Rejestr Nowotworow (KRN), were analyzed. The study revealed that those neoplasms are rare in Lower Silesia region of Poland population, number of new cases dropped in the analyzed period, but the NFZ/KRN cases ratio increased significantly especially in case of malignant neoplasms of central nervous system parts other than brain or meninges, which suggests big, and increasing with time, amount of medical procedures needed by those patients. It points at the need of respective adjustment of the level of public financing of treatment of malignant neoplasms of meninges and other central nervous system parts than brain. The study results indicate also that epidemiological reporting system in Poland shall be improved as there is growing number of Polish physicians who report mainly unspecific broad ICD-10 categories and there are year-to-year alternations of reported numbers of cases that do not have any explanation other than formal shifting in reported ICD-10 categories.
May 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2470-5020.jnrt-17-1503
Introduction Bacterial meningitis complicates rarely pituitary macroadenomas. The aim of our systematic review is to study the features of the association between bacterial meningitis and pituitary macroadenoma. Methods We conducted a literature search in both MedLine and Google Scholar database from 1967 to October 2016 and reviewed all cases described of the association between bacterial meningitis and pituitary macroadenoma apart from any surgical act and without pituitary apoplexy. Results We found 14 articles describing 16 patients aged of 22-69 years old with a male predominance (sex ratio 4.3). Two patients (12.5%) had a well-documented clinical history of pituitary macroadenoma prior to the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Rhinorrhea has been found as the most common symptom through six patients (37.5%). Through the CSF culture, bacterial meningitis among patients suffering of pituitary macroadenoma commonly was due to Streptococcus pneumoniae. The examination in 18.75% of cases revealed signs related to pituitary macroadenoma (ophthalmoplegia and blindness). Six patients (37.5%) had received a treatment by dopaminergic agonist alone and 4 patients (25%) were treated with dopaminergic agonist associated with surgical treatment. Surgical treatment consisted of closure of the osteomeningeal breach in 12.5% (2/16) and tumor resection in 31.25% (5/16). Three patients (18.75%) had benefited tumor resection without prior agonist treatment. The mortality was 12.5% (2/16). Conclusion Our systematic review shows that bacterial meningitis represents a rare initial symptom leading to the diagnosis of invasive pituitary macroadenoma.
Mar 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2324-7339.jcrhap-17-1468
Successful viral load programs rely on the presence of data systems and high quality of patient data. Using a cohort of 49 patients at Partners in Hope, a large, urban HIV clinic in Malawi, we performed a quality improvement assessment of a new viral load program with a focus on accuracy of data collected from patients as well as adherence to Malawi HIV Guidelines in regard to response to elevated viral loads (≥1,000 copies/mL). Data were obtained from three parallel medical record systems to investigate the proportion of patients with a repeat viral load and whether the three data systems agreed in regard to sociodemographic and clinical data. Fewer than 30% of patients had a repeat viral load within six months, as recommended in the Malawi HIV Guidelines. There were significant problems with data agreement across the three parallel databases used for care. Date of birth was consistent for 55.1% (N=27) of patients, while a different date of birth was noted in all three sources for 10.2% of patients (N=5). Viral load data from all three sources agreed for only 2.0% of patients (N=1). For 65.3% (N=32), the viral load from the laboratory did not match the recorded viral load in the electronic or paper record. Scale-up of viral load monitoring must be accompanied by the development of data systems that support workflow from sample collection to lab and back to provider. Education of providers and strategies for data collection with minimal errors can facilitate scale-up of high quality programs.
Mar 2017 DOI 10.14302/issn.2326-0793.jpgr-17-1447
Factors that contribute to the onset of atherosclerosis may be elucidated by bioinformatic techniques applied to multiple sources of genomic and proteomic data. The results of genome wide association studies, such as the CardioGramPlusC4D study, expression data, such as that available from expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) databases, along with protein interaction and pathway data available in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), constitute a substantial set of data amenable to bioinformatics analysis. This study used bioinformatic analyses of recent genome wide association data to identify a seed set of genes likely associated with atherosclerosis. The set was expanded to include protein interaction candidates to create a network of proteins possibly influencing the onset and progression of atherosclerosis. Local average connectivity (LAC), eigenvector centrality, and betweenness metrics were calculated for the interaction network to identify top gene and protein candidates for a better understanding of the atherosclerotic disease process. The top ranking genes included some known to be involved with cardiovascular disease (APOA1, APOA5, APOB, APOC1, APOC2, APOE, CDKN1A, CXCL12, SCARB1, SMARCA4 and TERT), and others that are less obvious and require further investigation (TP53, MYC, PPARG, YWHAQ, RB1, AR, ESR1, EGFR, UBC and YWHAZ). Collectively these data help define a more focused set of genes that likely play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and are therefore natural targets for novel therapeutic interventions.
Jul 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-3585.jpmc-16-1112
Background: Mental health promotion depends to a large extent on the gathering of accurate baseline opinion data from a targeted population. Aim: The aim of this paper is to explore the potential applications of a new method of measuring true attitudes toward mental illness, and of monitoring and evaluating subsequent public health interventions. Method: This paper reviews the strengths and limitations of a novel survey method, RIWI, its early findings, and its potential applications in the field of mental health promotion. Comparisons are made to other commonly used survey methods through entering pertinent search terms into the Google Scholar™ database. Findings: The RIWI online survey method has several advantages over earlier survey methods: it is random, quick, anonymous, and reaches very large samples. Questionnaires are easily translatable and can be repeated, with excellent test-retest reliability. Anonymity reduces social desirability bias. The limitations are: a) variable completion rate, which carries the upside of allowing regional comparisons, and b) the reality that the respondent pool reflects regional Internet usage, often biased toward young literate males. Conclusions: A survey method that is able to quickly and repeatedly sample large numbers of random individuals is an important advance for health promotion in that interventions can be timely and their efficacy can be rapidly evaluated.
May 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2574-450X.jom-16-1039
Over the last three decades, an epidemic of obesity has markedly affected patients suffering from mental illnesses such as schizophrenia. Antipsychotic medications used to treat schizophrenia are considered as major culprits. The aim of this review is to first consider risk factors, to then outline negative sequelae of obesity for this population, and finally to address timing and content of recommended clinical interventions. Medical databases were searched with the terms “”weight,” “obesity,” and “schizophrenia.” Selection of articles was guided by date of publication; recent papers are preferentially cited. The main findings were that, in addition to antipsychotic medications, socio-economics, lifestyle, immune factors, and circadian rhythms also contribute to obesity risk. A barrier to effective health promotion within psychiatry has been the concern that fears about gaining weight might stop individuals with schizophrenia from taking needed antipsychotic medication. Recommendations, therefore, are to keep the dose of antipsychotic medication as low as possible, avoid polypharmacy, encourage healthy eating and physical activity, address sleep problems and substance use, monitor weight, blood pressure, and metabolic parameters regularly, utilize motivational interviewing techniques and peer support, pay special attention to special needs such as those of women during pregnancy, and include bariatric surgery as a potential intervention. Conclusion: Besides careful attention to medication regimens, the literature supports the active encouragement and support of patient self-management strategies to both prevent and manage obesity in schizophrenia.
Mar 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2474-3585.jpmc-15-757
Objective: MicroRNAs are involved in the onset, progression and dissemination of esophageal cancer, and they may be useful as prognostic biomarkers. This study aims to evaluate the relation of miR-21 expression and the prognosis of esophageal cancer patients. Methods: In this study, a meta-analysis is performed by searching PubMed, Science Direct databases, and Cochrane Library. Data are extracted from studies evaluating survival of esophageal cancer patients with either high or low miR-21 expression. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are calculated. Results: A total of 579 cases of esophageal cancer from five studies are involved for this global meta-analysis. The HR of survival of patients with high miR-21 expression is 1.47 (95% CI: 1.12–1.91; p<0.01) as compared with those with low expression. Conclusions: miR-21 may be a predictor for survival of esophageal cancer patients.
Feb 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2374-9431.jbd-15-890
Purpose Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 4 (STAT4) is important for signaling by interleukins (IL-12 and IL-23) and type 1 interferons and has been found to have several simple nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with human disease. STAT4 SNPs were computationally examined with respect to changes in potential transcriptional factor binding sites (TFBS) and these changes were discussed in relation to human disease. Methods The JASPAR CORE and ConSite databases were instrumental in identifying the TFBS. The Vector NTI Advance 11.5 computer program was employed in locating all theTFBS in theSTAT4 gene from 4 kb upstream of the transcriptional start site to 8.3 kb past the 3’UTR. The JASPAR CORE database was also involved in computing each nucleotide occurrence (%) within the TFBS. Results The STAT4 SNPs in the 70 kb intron between exon 2 and 3 are in linkage disequilibrium and have previously been found to be significantly associated with several vasculitis diseases as well as diabetes. The SNP alleles were found to alter the DNA landscape for potential transcriptional factors (TFs) to attach resulting in changes in TFBS and thereby, alter which transcriptional factors potentially regulate the STAT4 gene. These STAT4 SNPs should be considered as regulatory (r) SNPs. Conclusion The alleles of each rSNP were found to generate unique TFBS resulting in potential changes in TF STAT4 regulation. These regulatory changes were discussed with respect to changes in human health that result in disease.
Feb 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2326-0793.jpgr-15-889
Purpose The endothetal Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain protein 1 (EPAS1) gene which encodes hypoxia-inducible-factor-2 alpha (HIF2a) is a transcription factor that is involved in the response to hypoxia. EPAS1 has been found to have four (rs56721780, rs6756667, rs7589621, rs1868092) simple nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with human disease.These SNPs were computationally examined with respect to changes in potential transcriptional factor binding sites (TFBS) and these changes were discussed in relation to disease and alterations in high altitude adaptation in humans. Methods The JASPAR CORE and ConSite databases were instrumental in identifying the TFBS. The Vector NTI Advance 11.5 computer program was employed in locating all theTFBS in theEPAS1 gene from 1.6 kb upstream of the transcriptional start site to 539 bps past the 3’UTR. The JASPAR CORE database was also involved in computing each nucleotide occurrence (%) within the TFBS. Results The EPAS1 SNPs in the promoter, intron two and the 3’UTR regions have previously been found to be significantly associated with disease and different levels of high-altitude hypoxia among native Tibetans. The SNP alleles were found to alter the DNA landscape for potential transcriptional factors (TFs) to attach resulting in changes in TFBS and thereby, alter which transcriptional factors potentially regulate the EPAS1 genesuch as for the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid nuclear receptor binding sites created by the rs7589621 rSNP EPAS1-G allele. These receptors regulate carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. Also the minor rs7589621 rSNP EPAS1-A creates a punitive TFBS for the FOXC TF which is an important regulator of cell viability and resistance to oxidative stress. These EPAS1 SNPs should be considered as regulatory (r) SNPs. Conclusion The alleles of each rSNP were found to generate unique TFBS resulting in potential changes in TF EPAS1 regulation. The punitive changes in TFBS created by the four rSNPs could very well influence the significant cline in allele frequencies seen in Tibetans with increasing altitude or the haplotype association with high altitude polycythemia in male Han Chinese. These regulatory changes were discussed with respect to changes in human health that result in disease and sickness.
Feb 2016 DOI 10.14302/issn.2575-7881.jdrr-15-849
Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) using new designed primers pair for Heat Shock Protein70 homologue (HSP70h) of Olive leaf yellowing-associated virus revealed 667 amplified product of 10 olive accessions collected from various olive-growing regions in Tunisia. Amplicons were cloned and sequenced. The sequences were deposited in the international databases. Pairwise sequence comparisons among 10 Tunisian isolates along with a reference sequence (AJ440010) extracted from GenBank revealed a nucleotide identity of 86.06-99.40 and an amino acid similarity of 91.89-99.55. Sequence multiple alignments were searched for evidence of recombination using three methods, ie. Differences of Sums of Squares (DSS) implemented in TOPALi v2.5 software and Single Breakpoint (SBP) along with GARD, a genetic algorithm, both incorporated in HyPhy package. All used methods pointed out the presence of putative breaking points in partially sequenced HSP70h-coding gene. Since failing to account for recombination can mislead the phylogeny inference and can elevate the false positive error rate in positive selection assessment, the use of GARD resulted in the reconstruction of different phylogenies on the left as well as on the right sides of putative recombination breaking points, and the 11 accessions were distributed into at least three clusters compared to MEGA6 software which delineated only two clades. Nonetheless, by dividing the aligned sequences at breakpoints into separate sequence sets, MEGA6 delineated a clustering pattern different from the former two. As a result, recombination reshuffled the affiliation of the different accessions to the clusters. Analysis of selection pressures exerted on HSP70h encoded protein using different models (SLAC, IFEL, FEL, REL, PARRIS, FUBAR, MEME, GA Branch, and PRIME) taking into account recombination, and implemented in HyPhy package, revealed that it underwent predominantly purifying selection as confirmed by Tajima’s D, Fu and Li’s D and F tests, and SNAP algorithm. However, a few sites were also under positive selection as assessed by various models such as FEL, IFEL, REL, MEME, and PRIME.
Dec 2015 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-7835.ijn-15-675
The objective is to evaluate the scientific evolution of articles about vegetarian nutrition. We analyzed the publication of articles of vegetarian nutrition, using the key term ‘vegetarian’ in the National Institutes of Health MEDLINE bibliographic database between 1907 and 2013. We quantified the number of articles in vegetarian nutrition by 5–y time periods, and we classified the kind of journals, the affiliation of the first author, the origin of the study population and the type of articles. The number of articles found in MEDLINE is 3256. The publication rate of vegetarian articles increased steadily, except in periods of 2006-2010 and 2011-2013, and this was explained because the application of “embargo period” for the some publishers. Non-nutrition journals have published more articles on vegetarian nutrition for all periods. It is observed that after 1960 the articles on vegetarian nutrition are proportionately greater than the total published, except in the years 2007, 2008, 2011, 2012 and 2013. The majority of authors were located in Europe (41.7%), followed by North America (26.8%), Asia (16.1%) and Latin America (1.4%). The origin of the study population presented a similar trend being highest in Europe and lowest in Latin America. Original research and review articles represent 52.5% and 20.2% of all publications respectively. We noticed a marked increase in the publication of articles of vegetarian nutrition over the years in absolute and relative terms meaning a growing interest by publication type.
Jun 2015 DOI 10.14302/issn.2381-862X.jwrh-14-546
Objective: To assess the efficacy of bupropion therapy for hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in women. Methods: A systematic review was performed utilizing the standard databases. Data were abstracted for study quality, characteristics, and outcomes. Due to the small number of studies and lack of consistently reported outcomes, a meta-analysis was not performed. Results: Two studies (289 women) met inclusion criteria. While one study had low risk of bias, the other had areas of high risk of bias. Both trials reported improvement in sexual function domains with treatment ranging from 12 weeks to 112 days. Conclusions: Despite two trials demonstrating benefit with bupropion treatment for premenopausal women with HSDD, the evidence is limited and not of adequate quality to recommend the therapy. More trials are needed in this area.
Nov 2014 DOI 10.14302/issn.2379-8572.joa-14-429
Background: We reviewed the 2005-2011 ACS-NSQIP database to evaluate factors associated with adverse events (AE) after total laryngectomy (TL). Methods: All total laryngectomies performed from 2006 to 2011 were identified for analysis. The cohort was characterized with respect to preoperative and demographic characteristics, complications, reoperation, and mortality. Results: 493 cases were identified. Complications of any category occurred in 189 cases (38.3%). Factors that were found to confer significant risk for medical complications were increased age (dds Ratio (OR) 1.03), prior PCI (OR 2.84), disseminated cancer (OR 2.47), chronic steroid/immunosuppresion use (OR 2.87), unintended weight loss > 10% over 6 months prior to surgery (OR 2.02), increasing work RVU total (OR 1.02), and increased anesthesia Z-score (OR 1.31). Only increased anesthesia Z-score (OR 1.27) was found to be a statistically significant risk factor for surgical complications. Chronic steroid/immunosuppression use (OR 3.16) and increased anesthesia Z-score (OR 1.29) were both found to be statistically significant risk factors of reoperation within 30 days. Conclusions: NSQIP is the only dataset that correctly discerns between minimally invasive and wide excision in laryngectomy. The use of the NSQIP dataset may be imperfect, as pertinent details of chemotherapy and radiation, and procedure-specific complications, including fistula formation, are not tracked. In spite of this, our findings suggest avenues for improvement in the care of TL patients, and suggest directions for a laryngectomy-specific outcomes database.