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Author rights, reuse permissions, and responsible sharing under open access.

Under CC BY 4.0, readers may copy, distribute, adapt, and build upon your work for any purpose, including commercial use, as long as appropriate credit is provided. This accelerates clinical translation, supports education, and increases global reach.

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This model supports broad educational reuse in clinical training, patient education, and policy development while ensuring authors receive clear and consistent credit for their contributions.

Authors may also reuse their content in future books, lectures, or teaching materials without additional permission.

When reusing content, include the article title, author list, journal name, and DOI. If adaptations are made, note that changes were made and include a link to the CC BY 4.0 license.

• Provide a direct link to the published article whenever possible.
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• Keep clinical context intact if excerpts are used in guidelines or training.

For reuse that falls outside the CC BY 4.0 license or involves sensitive material, please contact the editorial office. We can guide you on permission requirements and appropriate attribution for complex cases.

Figures, tables, or data owned by third parties are not automatically covered by the CC BY 4.0 license. Authors must secure permission for any third-party material and provide documentation when submitting the manuscript.

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