Limb Reduction Defects

Limb reduction defects (LRD) are a group of birth defects in which babies are born with missing or underdeveloped limbs. These can affect any limb, but the most common area affected is the arms. LRD is a relatively uncommon condition, occurring in about 1 in 2,000 to 3,000 live births in the United States. The cause of limb reduction defects is not yet known, but may have to do with genetic factors, environmental factors, or a combination of both. Some of the risk factors that have been associated with limb reduction defects include maternal exposure to certain medications in early pregnancy, certain viral infections during pregnancy, low maternal weight gain, and certain genetic disorders. Limb reduction defects can have a major impact on a child's quality of life, hindering mobility and independence. Treatments vary depending on the type and extent of the defect, but may involve reconstructive surgeries, prosthetic devices, and physical therapy. Treatment is aimed at improving the child's functioning and helping them to reach their full potential.